Three years after India announced its ambition to become a net-zero economy by 2070, the policy framework to reach this goal is taking shape. The NITI Aayog has established specialized multi-sectoral committees to devise a comprehensive transition plan.

In 2021, India joined a select group of nations by setting a target year for achieving net-zero carbon emissions. At COP26 in Glasgow, Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented a five-pronged ‘Panchamitra’ climate action plan for India and pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2070, aligning with countries such as the US, the UK, and China.

In a memorandum issued by the NITI Aayog in April, it was noted: “Considering India’s climate change commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its developmental needs, and the goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047, the following working groups have been established to identify issues, develop pathways, and recommend policy actions on various aspects of climate change.”

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The memo, titled “Formulation of Interministerial Working Groups to Develop Pathways for Meeting National Commitments on Net Zero and to Propose Strategies and Interventions for Achieving the Same,” includes representation from current and former government officials, sector regulators, financiers, sector experts, academicians, and industry representatives.

India’s five targets included achieving 500 gigawatts of non-fossil capacity, sourcing 50 percent of energy needs from renewable energy by 2030, reducing projected carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes, and cutting the overall carbon inventory by 45 percent.

While significant progress has been made on the other four targets of the ‘Panchamitra,’ this marks the first time a policy-level intervention has been initiated towards the net-zero goal.